Mahila Entrepreneurs ke Liye Passion Hi Sabse Bada Motivation: Survey
Ek naye survey mein yeh baat saamne aayi hai ki passion hi mahila entrepreneurs ke liye sabse bada motivation hota hai. Goldman Sachs program se judi 200 mahila entrepreneurs par kiye gaye survey mein yeh pata chala hai. ‘Business family’ background hona bhi madadgar hota hai, aisa kai logon ne bataya.
Financial Independence aur Freedom bhi Important
‘Financial independence’, ‘freedom’ aur ‘empower other women’ jaise factors bhi mahilaon ko business shuru karne ke liye motivate karte hain. Survey mein yeh bhi highlight kiya gaya ki ‘training aur mentorship’ aise areas hain jinme pichle teen-paanch saalon mein sudhar ki zaroorat hai. Achhi training se skilled professionals ko access karne mein bhi madad mili hai. Lagbhag 43% logon ne ‘skilled workforce’ tak access mein sudhar dekha hai.
Funding Ki Kami Abhi Bhi Ek Challenge
Survey mein shaamil logon ne ‘access to funding’ ko mahila entrepreneurs ke liye sabse bada challenge bataya. Research se pata chala hai ki start-ups ko funding milne mein gender gap hai, kyunki male entrepreneurs ko funding secure karne ki sambhavna mahila entrepreneurs se lagbhag 60% zyada hoti hai.
Skilled Workforce: Sudhar aur Challenge Dono
‘Skilled workforce’ ek aisa area hai jisme sudhar bhi hua hai aur yeh ek bada challenge bhi hai. Chaitra Purushotham, Santanu Sengupta aur Aditi Singh, jo report ke authors hain, ne kaha ki India mein manufacturing ke liye skilled labour ki availability ek bada bottleneck hai. Kai policy commentators ne workforce ki vocational education par zor diya hai. Skilled labour ki kami ka ek bada kaaran yeh hai ki lagbhag 90% workforce ki education secondary level se kam ya uske barabar hai, isliye woh zyadaatar low skilled jobs tak hi seemit hain.
Mahila Labour Force Participation Rate Abhi Bhi Kam
India mein female labour force participation rate male participation rate se kaafi kam hai, aur yeh doosre major developed aur emerging economies se bhi kam hai. Agar overall labour force participation rate ko pichle peak levels tak badhaya jaaye toh India ki potential growth mein lagbhag 1 percentage point ka izafa ho sakta hai.
Domestic aur Care-giving Activities
Mahilaon ki labour force mein kam participation ka ek bada kaaran yeh hai ki India mein mahilaon par domestic aur care-giving activities ki zyada zimmedari hoti hai. Research se pata chala hai ki Indian mahilaayein mardon ki tulna mein daily basis par domestic aur care-giving services mein lagbhag 8 guna zyada time spend karti hain. Iske alawa, early marriage, social norms jo mahilaon ke occupational choices ko limit karte hain, crime incidents jo mahilaon ko unke ghar se door kaam karne se rokte hain, public transport connectivity ki kami aur kam women role models bhi iske kaaran hain.
Self-Employed Women Ki Sankhya Mein Izafa
Ek encouraging development yeh hai ki pichle kuch saalon mein India mein self-employed women ki sankhya badhi hai. Self-employed women (jo apne enterprises khud chalati hain, partnership mein ya doosron ko employ karti hain) ka share 2017-18 se lagbhag 11 percentage points badhkar 2023-24 mein lagbhag 31% ho gaya hai. Mahilaon ki labour force mein aur sudhar ke liye ‘care economy’ banane, corporate India mein mahilaon ke liye zyada friendly policies banane, digital literacy badhane, employable skill sets ko broaden karne aur well-connected public transport networks banane ki zaroorat hai.
