Rare Earth ka संकट: India ke Auto Parts Makers ke liye China ka Naya Licence System
Gadi banane ke liye rare earth elements bahut zaruri hote hain, aur inmein se kuch ‘Made in China’ bhi hote hain. Rare earth elements se bane magnets ka use gadi ke har motor mein hota hai—jaise window upar karna, seats adjust karna aur air-conditioning mein bhi. Electric vehicle mein, motor rare-earth armature ke bina nahi chal sakta. Ye saste hote hain—rare-earth magnets vehicle ki cost ka 5% se bhi kam hote hain—lekin India ne pichle saal 540 tonnes import kiya, isse pata chalta hai ki ye kitna important component hai.
Naturally, supply chain mein koi bhi problem aane se vehicle manufacturing globally affect hoga. Aur yehi ho raha hai. China, jo rare earth elements ka sabse bada producer hai, jiske paas 90% se zyada processing capacity hai, ne United States ke saath trade war ke baad global suppliers ke liye ek licence regime shuru kiya hai. Is licence mein ek end-use clause hai: rare earths ka use military purposes ke liye ya US ko kisi bhi form mein nahi kiya ja sakta.
Licence lene ka Process
Application process bahut hi mushkil hai. Ek Indian supplier ko Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry ke Directorate General of Foreign Trade ke through ek naye licence ke liye process shuru karna hoga. Application aur zaruri documents ke saath ek physical file Ministry of External Affairs ko jayegi. Aur check karne ke baad, ye file New Delhi mein Chinese embassy ko submit ki jayegi.
Is point par, agar sab kuch sahi hai, toh embassy physical documents ko Mainland China mein rare earths supplier ko bhej degi. Supplier file ko provisional government ko submit karega. Ek aur round ke checks ke baad, physical documents finally Beijing mein China’s Ministry of Commerce ko deliver kiye jayenge.
Is process mein 45 din lagte hain. Approval ki koi guarantee nahi hai.
Ek auto components maker ne bataya, “Ek real issue hai. Hamare paas agle ek se teen mahine ke liye toh sab kuch hai, lekin July ke end tak supply issues aa jayenge.”
Opportunity kya hai?
India apne aap ko rare-earth supply chain se derisk kar sakta hai. Iske liye tools available hain. Rare earths policy par kaam chal raha hai, jaise electronics se lekar pharmaceuticals aur toys banane ke liye production-linked incentive schemes hain.
Arun Malhotra, ek independent auto industry expert aur India mein Nissan Motor Corp. ke former managing director ne NDTV Profit ko phone par bataya, “Ye (rare earths crisis) ek wake-up call hai, operational challenge nahi. India ko ab China mein concentrated supply chain se khud ko derisk karna hoga aur localisation ko badhana hoga, jaise usne pandemic ke dauran semiconductor crisis ke baad kiya tha.”
Clearly, ek “atmanirbhar” approach China ke “licence raj” ko takkar de sakta hai.
Important points:
* Sirf 30 Din: Indian automakers ke paas China se rare earth magnets ki fresh supply secure karne ke liye sirf ek mahina hai, jiski kami se India ki vehicle production band ho sakti hai.
* Help is at Hand: India ki auto industry ko China ke rare earth magnets ke exports par curbs se nipatne ke liye har tarah ki help mil rahi hai, yahan tak ki 7, Lok Kalyan Marg bhi ismein shamil ho gaya hai.
* Open For Business?: China, Indian auto component makers ko rare earth materials access karne ke liye licence secure karne ke liye open hai, even local carmakers stocks last hone tak production badha rahe hain.
* Ek Opportunity: Hindustan Zinc ko is decade ke end tak rare earths ki mining se apni revenue ka 30% aane ki umeed hai, aisa CEO Arun Misra ne bataya. Company ka forte minerals ki mining mein hai jinki processing aur recovery mushkil hai.
* The US Angle: United States aur China trade tensions kam karne ke liye ek preliminary plan par agree hue hain, jisse sensitive goods ka flow phir se shuru ho sakta hai. Haalanki pact ki full details immediately available nahi thi, US negotiators ne kaha ki unhe “absolutely expect” hai ki rare earth minerals aur magnets ki shipments se related issues resolve ho jayenge.
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