Bird Flu Detected in Cows and Humans in the U.S.
In April 2023, a dairy worker in Texas tested positive for avian influenza, also known as bird flu, amid a multi-state outbreak of the virus among cows. This marks the first documented case of cow-to-human transmission of an avian influenza virus in the United States.
The strain of bird flu involved is highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1), which causes severe and often fatal disease in birds. This is the first time this strain of bird flu has been detected in cattle.
While the risk to humans is considered low, health officials are on high alert. In a recent press conference, a leading expert at the World Health Organization called the risk of the bird flu spreading to humans “an enormous concern.”
The current bird flu outbreak is affecting cows in over a dozen dairy farms across the country. As of April 11, cases have been reported in eight states: Texas, Kansas, Michigan, New Mexico, Idaho, Ohio, North Carolina, and South Dakota.
How Does the Bird Flu Spread to Humans?
Avian influenza viruses can spread from infected birds to humans in a few ways:
– Directly from an infected bird
– From environments contaminated with avian influenza virus
– Through an intermediate host, such as an animal
People can become infected when a large enough amount of the virus gets into the mouth, nose, eyes, or is inhaled.
Transmission to humans typically occurs through close contact with infected birds without protective gear. It can also occur if a person touches contaminated surfaces and puts their hands in their eyes or mouth or if they breathe in droplets from the air.
Can You Get Bird Flu Through Eggs or Meat?
There is no evidence that people can get bird flu from food that’s been properly prepared and cooked. It is safe to eat eggs, chicken, and beef, and drink pasteurized milk.
Pasteurization heats the milk to a high enough temperature to kill bacteria and viruses, including influenza.
Symptoms of Bird Flu in Humans
Bird flu infections in humans can range in severity. Some people have zero or only mild symptoms, while others develop severe disease.
Symptoms of bird flu in humans include:
– Fever
– Cough
– Runny nose
– Muscle or body aches
– Headache
– Fatigue
– Shortness of breath
– Eye redness or inflammation (conjunctivitis)
– Diarrhea
– Nausea
Prevention
Although the risk of getting bird flu is low, the CDC recommends the following protective actions:
– Avoid visiting poultry farms if possible
– If visiting poultry farms, wear a mask and avoid touching birds
– Avoid sick or dead birds
– Maintain good hand hygiene
– Do not eat raw or undercooked poultry
– Visit a doctor if you become sick after contact with birds
