A new study released on Wednesday suggests that the number of sexual assaults in the U.S. military is significantly higher than official government estimates. While the Department of Defense estimated approximately 35,900 sexual assault cases in 2021 and 29,000 in 2023, the study’s author, Jennifer Greenberg, a professor at the University of Sheffield, utilized a synthesis of independent data to arrive at significantly higher estimates of 75,569 cases in 2021 and 73,695 in 2023. This represents more than double the official estimates.
The study, published by the Costs of War project at Brown University’s Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, found that on average, nearly one-quarter of active-duty women and 1.9% of active-duty men experienced sexual assault during the years of the Afghanistan war (2001-2021). It also highlighted disparities, revealing that Black women and LGBTQ service members were more likely to experience sexual harassment and assault.
Despite years of efforts to address the problem, the study emphasizes the persisting high prevalence of sexual assault within the military. Greenberg argues that the prioritization of force readiness over other concerns has allowed the issue to fester, masking internal violence and gender inequalities within military institutions.
In response to the study, the Pentagon stated that it would be inappropriate to comment on the methodology of studies not conducted by the Department. However, they reiterated their commitment to addressing the issue. “The Department continues our sustained progress to build strong command climates and prevent sexual assault, assist sexual assault survivors with recovery, and hold alleged offenders appropriately accountable,” the statement read. “Sexual violence will not be tolerated, condoned, or ignored within our ranks.”
In 2021, a defense bill was approved by U.S. lawmakers that included a significant overhaul of the military justice system. Notably, it removed the authority of military commanders to decide whether to prosecute cases of rape or sexual assault. This change was inspired by the tragic case of Vanessa Guillen, a 20-year-old Army specialist who was murdered after reporting sexual harassment.
This study serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing challenges faced by the U.S. military in addressing sexual assault. It underscores the need for continued and robust efforts to create a safer and more just environment for all service members.
