Pakistan’s government is facing accusations of throttling the internet and social media to suppress dissent, raising concerns about the country’s economic recovery and its commitment to digital rights. Since July, internet speeds have been significantly slower, with users experiencing disruptions to services like WhatsApp, used by millions in Pakistan.
Experts believe the government is testing a new firewall, a system that can monitor and control online content. Digital rights activist Usama Khilji asserts that the slowdown aims to increase surveillance and censor criticism of the security establishment, particularly regarding its influence on politics. WhatsApp, known for its end-to-end encryption, appears to be a primary target due to its ability to facilitate secure communication beyond government scrutiny.
While the government initially remained silent, Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif eventually acknowledged the internet slowdown, claiming it was part of a transition to introduce controls on “threatening and defamatory content against the state and individuals.” However, he did not confirm the existence of a firewall.
Prominent journalist Hamid Mir has filed a legal challenge against the government at the Islamabad High Court, questioning the installation of the firewall. This legal action comes amidst the military’s focus on combating “digital terrorism,” a term used to describe online activity related to militant violence in border regions and protests in Balochistan, where allegations of human rights abuses have been made.
However, analysts believe the primary target of the digital disruption is the party of imprisoned opposition leader Imran Khan, who remains popular, particularly among tech-savvy youth.
The internet slowdown has drawn criticism from business leaders, who warn of its negative impact on Pakistan’s already fragile economy. The country is struggling to attract foreign investment and unlock stunted growth, making the disruption of internet services a significant setback. The Pakistan Software Houses Association estimates that the firewall could cost the IT sector up to $300 million, with potential consequences for the livelihoods of thousands of freelancers and damage to Pakistan’s reputation as a reliable IT service provider.
The situation highlights the growing concerns about internet censorship and control in Pakistan. The government’s actions have drawn criticism from activists, who argue that the firewall compromises citizens’ fundamental rights to free speech and access to information. The ban on Twitter, the alleged targeting of opposition social media teams, and the reported slowdown of WhatsApp all point towards a broader crackdown on online dissent and a move towards increased government control over the digital sphere.
