The World Health Organization (WHO) has sounded the alarm about a significant Chandipura virus (CHPV) outbreak in India, labeling it the largest in the past 20 years. This outbreak, primarily affecting children under 15, has been linked to the monsoon season, which creates favorable conditions for the virus’s spread through vectors like sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks.
From early June to August 15, the Ministry of Health reported 245 cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), with 82 deaths, resulting in a concerning 33% case fatality rate. Of these cases, 64 have been confirmed as CHPV infections. While the virus is endemic to India, with previous outbreaks occurring regularly, the current situation is particularly alarming due to its scale.
The WHO emphasizes the high case fatality rate (CFR) associated with CHPV infections, ranging from 56% to 75%. While there is no specific treatment or vaccine available, early access to care and intensive supportive measures can improve survival rates.
Despite a recent decline in new AES cases, the WHO stresses the importance of continued surveillance efforts, particularly in high-risk areas. This includes focusing on children under 15 who present with sudden fever and central nervous system symptoms. The organization also highlights the need for robust laboratory diagnostic capabilities, including the timely collection, transport, and testing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples for serological and virological investigations.
While no human-to-human transmission has been reported, authorities are taking proactive measures to control the spread of CHPV. These measures include comprehensive insecticidal spraying and fumigation to target the virus’s vectors. Public and medical personnel are being educated about the virus, its symptoms, and preventive measures, which include protecting against sandfly, mosquito, and tick bites.
The Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) is actively researching other potential viruses causing encephalitis and closely monitoring the situation. The Union health ministry has deployed a National Joint Outbreak Response Team (NJORT) to assist the Gujarat government in conducting a detailed epidemiological investigation into the outbreak and implementing public health measures.
Despite the decline in new cases, the WHO remains cautious, warning that further transmission of CHPV is possible in the coming weeks as the monsoon season continues. The organization urges ongoing vigilance and adherence to preventive measures to mitigate the spread of this concerning virus.
