Air pollution is a major global health concern, responsible for millions of deaths and disabilities worldwide. According to the National Library of Medicine, it was linked to 6.5 million deaths and 167.3 million disability-adjusted life years in 2015 alone. In countries like India and China, it’s among the top five risk factors for mortality.
One of the primary culprits in air pollution is particulate matter (PM). These tiny particles, including sulfate, nitrates, and black carbon, can be inhaled deep into our lungs and cause significant health issues. PM is categorized into two main sizes:
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Coarse particles (PM10):
These larger particles come from sources like pollen, dust from erosion, agricultural activities, and construction.*
Fine particles (PM2.5):
These are even smaller and can penetrate deeper into the lungs. They primarily originate from burning fuels in power plants, factories, vehicles, and even household activities like cooking and heating.The burning of polluting fuels in open hearths or poorly ventilated stoves is a major source of PM in homes, particularly in developing countries.
Stroke: A Silent Threat Amplified by Air Pollution
Dr. Praveen Gupta, a leading neurologist at Fortis Memorial Research Institute in Gurugram, India, has highlighted the critical link between air pollution and stroke. He states that particulate matter is one of the top five risk factors for stroke, especially in older individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution can increase stroke risk by as much as 25%.
Dr. Gupta explains that PM can enter the brain through the olfactory route (nose) or via the gastro-lung barrier. This can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, damaging blood vessels, leading to atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries), clot formation, and ultimately, stroke.
He emphasizes that these effects are particularly pronounced in older individuals who already have other stroke risk factors. Therefore, reducing particulate matter in the air is crucial for preventing stroke and improving public health.
Combatting Air Pollution for a Healthier Future
Dr. Gupta recommends the following measures to mitigate PM pollution:
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Reduce driving in congested areas:
Keep windows closed when driving in heavy traffic to minimize exposure.*
Quit smoking:
Smoking is a major source of air pollution, both indoors and outdoors.*
Limit use of burners and heaters:
Opt for clean and efficient alternatives to reduce PM emissions.*
Seal your home:
Ensure doors and windows are tightly sealed to prevent contaminated air from entering.These seemingly simple steps can significantly reduce our exposure to PM and protect ourselves and our loved ones from the devastating effects of air pollution, particularly the increased risk of stroke.
