Recent research findings published in Neurology ® Clinical Practice, an esteemed journal of the American Academy of Neurology, indicate a potential correlation between acid-reducing drug usage and an increased likelihood of developing migraines and other severe headache conditions. These acid-reducing medications encompass proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) including cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements. It is crucial to emphasize that the study does not establish a definitive causal relationship between acid-reducing drugs and migraines but rather demonstrates an association. Acid reflux, a condition characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, can result in heartburn and ulcers. In severe cases, frequent acid reflux can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), potentially increasing the risk of esophageal cancer. The widespread use of acid-reducing drugs and their potential implications for migraine sufferers warrant further investigation, particularly given concerns regarding the excessive prescription of these medications. Studies have emerged indicating other risks associated with prolonged proton pump inhibitor use, including an elevated risk of dementia. The research team, led by Dr. Margaret Slavin, PhD, RDN, from the University of Maryland in College Park, analyzed data from 11,818 individuals who provided information on their acid-reducing drug usage and migraine or severe headache experiences within the preceding three months. The findings revealed that among participants taking proton pump inhibitors, 25% reported migraine or severe headache, compared to 19% of those not taking the medications. Similarly, 25% of H2 blocker users experienced severe headache, while this figure was 20% among non-users. Individuals taking antacid supplements exhibited a 22% prevalence of severe headache, slightly higher than the 20% observed in the group that did not use antacids. Upon adjusting for potentially confounding factors such as age, gender, and caffeine or alcohol consumption, the researchers discovered that individuals taking proton pump inhibitors were 70% more likely to experience migraines than those who did not. H2 blocker users faced a 40% increased likelihood, and antacid supplement users had a 30% greater likelihood of developing migraines. Dr. Slavin highlights the importance of consulting with healthcare professionals for individuals with migraine or severe headache who are using acid-reducing medications or supplements. She emphasizes that the study focused solely on prescription drugs, and some medications transitioned to over-the-counter availability during the study period, although their use was not considered in the analysis. While previous research has suggested a possible link between gastrointestinal conditions and migraine susceptibility, Dr. Slavin notes that this connection alone cannot fully account for the observed association between acid-reducing drugs and migraine in the study. It is important to acknowledge a limitation of the study, which is the relatively small sample size of individuals taking H2 blockers in particular. The American Academy of Neurology supports the need for further research to explore the potential link between acid-reducing drugs and migraine occurrence.
Acid-Reducing Drugs Linked to Increased Migraine Risk
