High Levels of Heavy Metals Detected in Beethoven’s Hair
A new study has revealed that two authenticated locks of Ludwig van Beethoven’s hair contain alarmingly high concentrations of heavy metals, including lead, arsenic, and mercury. The levels are significantly higher than normal, and may have contributed to his deafness, gastrointestinal issues, and jaundice.
Lead, Arsenic, and Mercury Concentrations
One lock of hair contained 380 micrograms of lead per gram of hair, while the second had 258 micrograms per gram of hair. Normal levels today would be closer to 4 micrograms or less. His hair also contained 13 times the normal level of arsenic and four times the typical level of mercury.
Possible Causes of Heavy Metal Exposure
The researchers suggest several possible causes for Beethoven’s exposure to these heavy metals. One theory involves his penchant for wine, which often contained lead acetate as a preservative and sweetener. Back then, glass bottles also contained traces of lead. Additionally, Beethoven ate a lot of fish caught in the Danube, which was known for containing arsenic and mercury.
Impact on Beethoven’s Health
While high lead levels are associated with gastrointestinal and liver problems, as well as with decreased hearing, it’s unlikely that the levels were high enough to be the “sole cause of death” for the composer. However, his high level of lead exposure “may have contributed to the documented ailments that plagued him most of his life,” the researchers wrote in the study.
Importance of the Findings
The findings provide new insights into the possible causes of Beethoven’s illnesses, which he failed to identify during his lifetime. The researchers believe this is an important piece of a complex puzzle and will enable historians, physicians, and scientists to better understand the medical history of the great composer.
