As concerns over climate change intensify, researchers are exploring innovative approaches to curb greenhouse gas emissions from various sources, including agricultural practices. A recent study conducted by the Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute in Australia has highlighted the significant contribution of livestock farming to global warming, with dairy and beef production accounting for approximately 10% of emissions. Among the greenhouse gases emitted by livestock, methane, primarily released through burps and farts of cattle as well as manure management, has been identified as a key contributor to global warming.
In an effort to address this challenge, the study examined various methods to reduce methane emissions in the dairy and beef sectors in Australia. The researchers analyzed 27 reports, exploring options such as converting farmland into forests or wetlands to sequester carbon and enhance methane absorption. However, the study also suggests that breeding dairy cows to produce less methane may offer a promising avenue for reducing emissions.
According to Merideth Kelliher, one of the study’s authors, modifications to breeding objectives can have a lasting impact on methane production. Studies have demonstrated that cattle with low methane emissions possess inheritable genetic traits that, when incorporated into national breeding objectives, can significantly reduce methane production. Further research is necessary to identify the specific traits to target in cattle breeding programs to achieve the lowest possible methane emissions.
In addition to breeding strategies, researchers have also explored unconventional approaches to curb methane emissions from cattle. For instance, scientists have attempted to train cattle to use designated areas for urination to reduce the environmental impact of ammonia-rich cow urine, which converts into nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, when mixed with soil.
In 2021, a team of scientists successfully trained dairy cows to use a special pen called the MooLoo to do their business, eliminating the release of ammonia into the environment. Cows were rewarded with sugar water for using the MooLoo and sprayed with water if they relieved themselves outside the designated area. The study demonstrated that cattle can quickly adopt new habits, with 11 out of 16 cows learning to use the MooLoo, a success rate comparable to that of human children.
The implementation of these innovative strategies, including breeding for lower methane emissions and toilet training for cattle, holds the potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming. By harnessing scientific advancements, we can work toward a more sustainable and climate-friendly agricultural sector.