## Dandruff: The Itch You Can Conquer
From pesky white flakes to an itchy, inflamed scalp, dandruff can be a real nuisance. While it might not be contagious or life-threatening, dandruff, also known as seborrheic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that can make you feel self-conscious and impact your confidence.
In Southeast Asia’s humid and warm climate, dandruff is particularly prevalent. Dr. Teo Wan Lin, a renowned dermatologist at TWL Specialist Skin & Laser Centre, explains, “The tropical climate creates a unique microenvironment on our skin and scalp, leading to increased sweat retention due to low evaporation rates.” This environment fosters the growth of microorganisms that contribute to scalp problems.
## What Causes Dandruff?
Dandruff arises from an overgrowth of a yeast called *Malassezia furfur*, which is naturally present on our skin and scalp. However, certain factors can trigger an imbalance in the scalp’s microbiome, leading to excessive sebum production and an overgrowth of this yeast. This results in seborrheic dermatitis, the medical term for dandruff.
Dr. Teo highlights that individuals who are more active, such as athletes or those working outdoors, are more prone to dandruff due to increased sweating. Their sebum, the natural oil produced by the scalp, may have a slightly different composition, providing a more suitable environment for the yeast to thrive.
## Understanding the Symptoms of Dandruff
The most common symptom of dandruff is the presence of white flakes on the scalp and hair. However, seborrheic dermatitis can also manifest as:
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Oily Scalp:
Patients often complain of excessive oil production, leading to a greasy scalp and hair. This greasiness can worsen with longer periods between hair washes.*
Itching:
Dandruff is often accompanied by intense itching, particularly after abstaining from washing the hair for a prolonged period.*
Scalp Folliculitis:
In some cases, seborrheic dermatitis can be associated with scalp folliculitis, which are small pimples on the scalp.## Lifestyle and Environmental Triggers
While our genes play a role, our lifestyle and environment also significantly impact dandruff. Dr. Teo emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. “Deep-fried saturated fats can increase sebum production. A poor diet and sedentary lifestyle contribute to inflammation in the body, including the skin and scalp.”
Other environmental factors that can exacerbate dandruff include:
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Excessive Sun Exposure:
Sun exposure can damage the scalp and contribute to inflammation.*
Environmental Pollutants:
Air pollution and other pollutants can irritate the scalp.## Dandruff: Oily vs. Dry
Dandruff is commonly categorized into oily and dry types. Tien Goh, Shiseido Professional’s education manager, explains:
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Oily Dandruff:
Oily dandruff is characterized by greasy, clumpy flakes. Insufficient shampooing or using overly rich products can contribute to its development. Regular washing, especially after exercise or excessive sweating, is crucial.*
Dry Dandruff:
Dry dandruff manifests as white, flat flakes. It occurs when the scalp lacks hydration and natural moisturizing factors.The key to a healthy scalp, Goh emphasizes, is achieving a balance of hydration and sebum production. You can assess your scalp type by examining your forehead after cleansing. If it’s dry, oily, or sensitive, your scalp is likely to share similar characteristics.
## Effective Dandruff Treatment
Dr. Nisha Suyien Chandran, a dermatologist at the National University Hospital, recommends the following for dandruff management:
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Over-the-Counter Anti-Dandruff Shampoos:
Shampoos containing zinc pyrithione are commonly available and effective for controlling dandruff. Use them periodically, alternating with a regular shampoo.*
Medicated Anti-Dandruff Shampoos:
Medicated shampoos, such as those containing ketoconazole, can be used periodically under a doctor’s guidance. However, be aware of potential side effects like dry skin, itching, and hair texture changes.If you experience any adverse effects from anti-dandruff shampoos, consult your dermatologist immediately.
## Key Takeaways
Dandruff, or seborrheic dermatitis, is a common scalp condition influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Maintaining a healthy scalp involves balancing hydration, sebum production, and keeping your scalp clean. Consult a dermatologist for personalized treatment options if over-the-counter remedies aren’t providing relief. By understanding the causes and implementing effective treatment strategies, you can conquer dandruff and regain a healthy, flake-free scalp.