Diving bell spiders, also known as water spiders ( Argyroneta aquatica ), are fascinating creatures that have adapted to live entirely underwater. These spiders are not only skilled swimmers but also skilled hunters, preying on small fish and other aquatic creatures.
One of the most remarkable features of diving bell spiders is their ability to create underwater webs. These webs are made of silk and serve as a protective structure where the spiders live, rest, and even mate. To create their webs, diving bell spiders trap air in a layer of dense waterproof hairs on their abdomens and legs, forming a bubble of oxygen under water.
Diving bell spiders are found in freshwater locations such as lakes, ponds, canals, and slow-moving streams. They prefer areas with a ground layer of vegetation, which they use to anchor their webs. These spiders can be spotted in various parts of Europe, including the UK, Scandinavia, France, Germany, and Switzerland.
Despite their widespread distribution, diving bell spiders have some notable differences in different regions. For example, in Japan, there is a species known as A. a. japonica, which is identical to the European diving bell spider but has larger genitals. In South Korea, the diving bell spider is protected and lives in a dedicated habitat called the Yeoncheon Eundaeri water spider habitat.
One intriguing behavior of diving bell spiders is their cannibalism. Researchers have discovered that male diving bell spiders will sometimes eat their female partners, a phenomenon known as reversed sexual cannibalism. The likelihood of females being cannibalized is influenced by their avoidance behavior towards larger, more preferred mating partners. Large males and females have also been observed killing smaller males.
Despite their small size, diving bell spiders are formidable predators with a powerful bite. Although not lethal to humans, their bite has been reported as painful. However, the most venomous spider in the UK is a different species called the false widow spider.
In late autumn, diving bell spiders dive deep to avoid being trapped in ice. They construct stronger underwater retreats filled with air and remain inside until the weather warms in early spring.
