A new study has shed light on the effectiveness of double mastectomies in breast cancer patients, revealing that the procedure does not guarantee better survival rates. While it has been a common practice to remove both breasts as a precaution against future cancer development, the research indicates that this practice does not translate to a longer life expectancy.
The study, which involved over 660,000 women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer (cancer in one breast), followed them for 20 years after undergoing one of three standard surgical procedures: lumpectomy (tumor removal), unilateral mastectomy (one breast removal), or bilateral mastectomy (both breasts removal). While the results showed a significantly lower risk of contralateral breast cancer (cancer in the remaining breast) among women who had double mastectomies, there was no significant difference in overall death rates from breast cancer between the groups.
The researchers found that even though contralateral breast cancer increased the risk of death by more than twice, the original tumor remained the primary driver of death in these patients. This is likely due to the fact that the original tumor is diagnosed at a younger age, when the risk of breast cancer death is higher, and patients often receive older, less effective treatments. Furthermore, patients who develop contralateral breast cancer tend to be more vigilant about post-treatment screenings and, therefore, may detect and treat the second cancer at earlier stages, further reducing the risk of death from it.
The study’s findings, published in the journal JAMA Oncology, confirm previous research while providing a larger sample size and longer follow-up period. However, the authors emphasize that the decision to have a double mastectomy remains a deeply personal one. While it offers reassurance and potentially enhances chest symmetry, it is not a guaranteed pathway to improved survival.
Clinicians are urged to provide patients with comprehensive information regarding the risks and benefits of each surgical option, enabling them to make an informed decision based on their individual circumstances and preferences.
