India has confirmed its first case of Mpox, also known as monkeypox, in a 38-year-old man from Malappuram district in Kerala. The patient, who recently returned from the United Arab Emirates, was diagnosed with Mpox clade I on Monday. This news marks a significant development in the global fight against the disease.
Understanding Mpox
Mpox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are two main clades of the virus: clade I and clade II. Clade I is further divided into sub-clades Ia and Ib, while clade II includes sub-clades IIa and IIb.
Symptoms of Mpox
The symptoms of Mpox can vary, with some individuals experiencing a rash as their first symptom, while others may initially develop muscle aches, sore throat, or fever. The WHO emphasizes that Mpox symptoms typically appear within a week of exposure to the virus, ranging from 1 to 21 days after contact. These symptoms can last for two to four weeks, but may persist longer in individuals with weakened immune systems.
A Distinctive Rash
One of the defining features of Mpox is a distinctive rash that begins on the face and spreads to the body, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The rash can also appear where contact occurred, including the genital area. The initial rash starts as flat sores that evolve into blisters filled with liquid. These blisters can be painful or itchy. As the rash heals, the blisters dry up, forming crusts that eventually fall off.
Variations in Rash Severity
The number of sores or blisters can vary significantly among patients. Some individuals may have hundreds, while others may experience only one or a few. These lesions can appear anywhere on the body, including the groin, genital areas, palms of hands and soles of feet, anus, face, mouth, or throat.
Additional Symptoms and Complications
Some patients may also experience painful swelling in the rectum and difficulty urinating. While rare, complications can arise from Mpox, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and sepsis.
Transmission
The Mpox virus spreads through close contact with an infected person, contaminated items, or infected animals. Transmission during pregnancy is possible, potentially passing the virus to the fetus or the newborn after birth.
Treatment
Currently, there is no specific treatment for Mpox, but supportive care can manage symptoms. Treatment typically involves addressing pain, fever, and maintaining fluid intake.
Global Outbreak and Current Situation
A global outbreak of Mpox clade IIb began in 2022 and continues in some African countries. However, as of August 2024, clade Ib has also been detected outside of Africa, raising concerns about the spread of the virus.
Importance of Awareness and Prevention
The detection of the first Mpox case in India underscores the importance of public awareness and preventive measures. Individuals should be informed about the symptoms of Mpox and its modes of transmission. Early detection and prompt medical attention are crucial for managing the disease and preventing its spread. The WHO recommends practicing safe sex, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and seeking medical advice if any symptoms develop. The ongoing global outbreak serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of health and the need for vigilance in tackling emerging health challenges.
