The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on Tuesday the detection of viral particles of H5N1 avian influenza in milk purchased at grocery stores. However, the agency emphasizes that the milk supply remains safe to drink. The viral particles were identified through highly sensitive laboratory tests and are believed to be remnants of viruses killed during the pasteurization process. The FDA asserts that it is unlikely that the particles can infect humans, but additional tests are underway for confirmation.
The FDA’s stance is based on its confidence in pasteurization as a means of eliminating pathogens. The agency states that 99% of milk in the commercial supply originates from farms adhering to the pasteurized milk ordinance, which includes safety measures. Nevertheless, the FDA acknowledges that pasteurization does not render milk completely sterile, prompting the ongoing testing of milk samples at grocery stores nationwide.
The FDA’s findings have raised concerns about the extent of the bird flu outbreak. Dr. Eric Topol, founder of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, believes the presence of viral particles in milk indicates a more widespread outbreak than previously known. He criticizes the USDA for its slow and insufficient response to the situation.
The outbreak has primarily affected cattle, with infected cows exhibiting reduced feed intake, thickened and discolored milk. Veterinarians have detected high levels of the virus in the milk of these cows, leading to the diversion or destruction of milk from sick animals. Interstate commerce milk is subject to pasteurization, which is expected to eliminate pathogens.
The FDA recommends avoiding unpasteurized or raw milk consumption due to potential health risks. The USDA has encouraged farmers and ranchers to report cases of sick cattle, but widespread screening is not currently being conducted. Wastewater testing in affected areas is being considered. The CDC is monitoring emergency department and flu testing data for any unusual trends. As of now, no unusual activity has been observed, and no human infections have been detected in the current outbreak.
