Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States, is a figure deeply intertwined with the Great Depression. However, his life was far richer and more complex than his presidency, marked by a long and distinguished career in public service. His humanitarian efforts, particularly during World War I, earned him the title “the great humanitarian.”
Born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, Hoover became an orphan at the young age of nine. After moving to Oregon at eleven, he later attended Stanford University, where he met his future wife, Lou. They married on February 10, 1899, and immediately embarked on a journey to China. During their time there, they witnessed the Boxer Rebellion, with Lou working in hospitals and Hoover assisting in the construction of barricades.
Upon returning to the United States, Hoover’s life took a turn towards international service. When World War I broke out, he was living in London, where he played a vital role in bringing 120,000 Americans back home. He also led the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB), providing crucial food and clothing to Belgian civilians during the war.
Back in the United States, Hoover continued to serve in various government positions. He served as the head of the U.S. Food Administration under President Woodrow Wilson and later as Secretary of Commerce under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. During his tenure as Secretary of Commerce, he participated in the first American television demonstration on April 7, 1927.
Hoover’s political career culminated in his election as the 31st President of the United States in 1928. His inauguration took place on March 4, 1929, but his presidency was overshadowed by the Great Depression, which began that same year. Despite the economic hardship of the era, Hoover’s commitment to public service did not waver. After leaving the White House, he continued to work in politics, serving on commissions under both President Harry Truman and President Dwight Eisenhower.
In addition to his political work, Hoover dedicated much of his post-presidential life to writing books, including three memoirs detailing his early life, his presidency, and his experiences with the Great Depression. He passed away on October 20, 1964. The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum opened its doors to the public on August 10, 1962, marking his 88th birthday.
While Hoover’s presidency is often associated with the Great Depression, his legacy extends far beyond this period. His humanitarian work, his contributions to public service, and his dedication to writing after his presidency all contribute to a fuller picture of a man who devoted his life to serving his country.
