Homelessness is a multifaceted issue with countless causes and intricate solutions. However, one truth remains: criminalizing homelessness is an ineffective approach. In fact, it violates the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. This matter is currently being examined by the Supreme Court in City of Grants Pass, Ore. v. Gloria Johnson. The outcome of this case could greatly impact the lives of homeless individuals nationwide.
Many factors contribute to homelessness, making it a complex issue without straightforward solutions. Mental health challenges, substance abuse, incarceration, housing and income instability, domestic violence, and more can all play a role. Tim, a once-homeless man, aptly explained, “People want to say it’s all mental illness and all drug abuse — but it’s not just one easy answer.”
Numerous surveys have been conducted to gauge public sentiment towards homelessness. A 2023 YouGov survey revealed that 67% of Americans view homelessness as a major problem, up from 54% the previous year. Moreover, 78% believe housing is a fundamental human right. This view is shared by 94% of Democrats, 79% of Independents, and 61% of Republicans.
Americans also believe that the government needs to do more to address homelessness. However, nearly 50% support the use of deterrents to discourage sleeping on park benches and other public spaces. Opinions on dismantling homeless encampments are divided, with roughly equal support, opposition, and neutrality.
Another YouGov study from 2022 examined support for various development types. Notably, opposition was strongest towards facilities that could potentially alleviate homelessness, including psychiatric hospitals, drug rehab centers, and homeless shelters.
According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness:
– Homelessness has been increasing since 2017, with a 6% overall rise.
– Chronically homeless individuals reached a record high of 127,768 in 2022.
– Homelessness rose only 0.3% between 2020 and 2022, despite both pandemic-related economic disruptions and significant federal investments in human services.
– Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islanders have the highest homelessness rate, with 121 out of every 10,000 people affected.
– Black individuals experience homelessness at a rate more than four times higher than whites (48 out of every 10,000 compared to 11 out of every 10,000).
– Washington, D.C. has the highest homelessness rate, while Mississippi has the lowest.
– Unsheltered homelessness has been on the rise since 2015, increasing by 35%.
The distinction between homelessness and unsheltered homelessness is crucial. Homelessness encompasses a wider range of unstable housing conditions, while unsheltered homelessness refers to individuals living on the streets or in places not intended for habitation.
In conclusion, homelessness is a complex issue with no simple solutions. Criminalizing homelessness is not only ineffective but also illegal under the Eighth Amendment. The Supreme Court’s decision in City of Grants Pass, Ore. v. Gloria Johnson will have a profound impact on the lives of homeless people across the country. It is imperative that we approach this issue with compassion and work towards providing lasting solutions that address the root causes of homelessness.
