In-Flight Turbulence: Dangers and Prevention
In-flight turbulence, unpredictable air movements, can pose significant hazards to passengers and crew. The recent death of a man on a Singapore Airlines flight highlights the potential dangers of flying through unstable air. While turbulence-related fatalities are rare, injuries can occur, especially to flight attendants who are often out of their seats during flights.
Types of Turbulence
The most dangerous type of turbulence is clear-air turbulence, which occurs without visible warning. It happens in or near high-altitude air currents called jet streams, where wind shear—the difference in speed between two adjacent air masses—can create chaotic air patterns.
Causes and Frequency of Turbulence
Tracking turbulence-related injuries globally is challenging. However, in the U.S., 163 people were seriously injured between 2009 and 2022, requiring hospitalization for at least two days. Most were flight attendants. Despite these incidents, fatalities are very rare, especially for large aircraft.
Pilot Avoidance and Safety Procedures
Pilots use various methods to avoid turbulence, including weather radar and reports from other aircraft. Air traffic controllers also warn pilots of turbulence ahead. Modern aircraft are designed to withstand turbulence, and safety procedures such as reviewing weather forecasts and suspending cabin service during rough air have helped prevent serious injuries.
Climate Change Impacts
Some scientists suggest that climate change could alter jet streams and wind shear, potentially increasing turbulence in the air. Research has shown that severe clear-air turbulence in the North Atlantic has increased by 55% since 1979, and projections indicate that it could double or triple in the coming decades.
Passenger Safety Measures
The best defense against turbulence is to keep seat belts fastened whenever possible. While no precaution is foolproof, wearing a seat belt greatly increases the chances of avoiding serious injuries. Passengers are advised to stay vigilant during flights and follow safety instructions from the crew.
