India has taken a significant stride in bolstering its nuclear deterrence capabilities with the launch of its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). This momentous event, which took place at the Ship Building Center (SBC) in Visakhapatnam, marks a pivotal step in India’s ongoing naval modernization program.
The newly launched submarine, designated S4*, boasts nearly 75% indigenous content, highlighting India’s growing self-reliance in advanced naval technology. Armed exclusively with K-4 nuclear ballistic missiles, capable of striking targets up to 3,500 kilometers, the submarine represents a formidable addition to India’s strategic arsenal. This is a notable improvement compared to its predecessor, INS Arihant, which carries K-15 missiles with a range of 750 kilometers.
The launch comes on the heels of the commissioning of India’s second SSBN, INS Arighaat, by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on August 29, 2024. The third SSBN, INS Aridhaman, is slated to be commissioned next year. Furthermore, on October 9, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved the construction of two nuclear-powered attack submarines for the Indian Navy, further strengthening India’s deterrence posture in the Indo-Pacific region.
While emphasizing India’s commitment to regional stability, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted the importance of collective efforts in maintaining maritime security. Addressing neighboring nations, Singh stated that inviting “outside forces” to the region would undermine efforts towards unity and peace. He underscored the need for cooperation among all nations, as even a single country being excluded could jeopardize the security of the entire region.
These SSBNs, with their unlimited range and endurance, are limited only by factors such as food supplies, crew fatigue, and maintenance needs. India currently has two SSBNs, INS Arihant and INS Arighaat, actively deployed on deep-sea patrols. A Russian Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine is expected to join the Indian Navy on lease in 2028.
The naming convention for India’s submarines follows a specific pattern. India’s first leased nuclear attack submarine, INS Chakra, was designated as S1. Subsequent submarines have been named accordingly: INS Arihant as S2, INS Arighaat as S3, and INS Aridhaman as S4. The newly launched submarine, designated S4*, awaits its formal name.
Future classes of Indian SSBNs are expected to be even more formidable, with a displacement of 6,000 tons, double that of the Arihant class. These submarines will be equipped with nuclear missiles boasting ranges exceeding 5,000 kilometers, further solidifying India’s position as a major naval power in the region.