Eczema, a chronic skin condition that affects 1 in 5 children in industrialized nations, has witnessed a significant rise in rates since 1970.
Researchers have identified two chemical classes, diisocyanates and xylene, as potential culprits. These chemicals, which increased in production around the same time as the eczema spike, are found in various products, including spandex, paint, and automobile exhaust.
Studies have shown that exposure to these chemicals can cause eczema in mice by disrupting the skin microbiome. The microbiome consists of millions of microorganisms that live on the skin and produce ceramides, lipids that protect the skin from infection. When exposed to diisocyanates or xylene, bacteria responsible for producing ceramides may switch to producing amino acids that do not provide the same health benefits.
To minimize the risk of eczema, it’s advisable to avoid products containing isocyanates or xylene, particularly for children under 4. Avoiding cigarette smoke, synthetic fabrics, nonlatex foams, polyurethanes, and certain paints may also be beneficial. Additionally, using EPA resources to track local pollutants and improving microbial balance through probiotics and skin care practices can help protect against eczema.
