In a significant move towards bolstering their defense capabilities, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Italy have accelerated the joint development of a next-generation fighter jet under the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP). This ambitious project, launched in 2022, aims to replace Japan’s aging F-2s and the UK’s Eurofighter Typhoons, while simultaneously strengthening cooperation among the three nations in the face of escalating security concerns posed by China, Russia, and North Korea.
The commitment to the GCAP was solidified with the announcement of a dedicated trilateral government body, the GCAP International Government Organization (GIGO), which will be established by the end of this year to oversee the aircraft’s development. This decision came during the recent Group of Seven defense ministers meeting in Naples, Italy, where Japanese Defense Minister Gen Nakatani met with his UK and Italian counterparts, John Healey and Guido Crosetto, respectively.
The establishment of GIGO, which will be based in the UK and headed by a Japanese official, marks a significant step forward in the program. This joint venture is on track to sign its first contract next year, according to Nakatani. This development addresses concerns that had arisen regarding the project’s progress, particularly due to leadership changes in both Japan and the UK.
The GCAP project has also received significant support from the private sector. Several major aerospace companies, including Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Britain’s BAE Systems PLC, and Italy’s Leonardo, are actively involved. These companies recently showcased a 1/10th model of the joint fighter jet at a major aerospace exhibit in Tokyo, highlighting the tangible progress being made.
Akira Sugimoto, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ Japan program senior representative for GCAP, emphasized the significance of the joint fighter jet development for Japanese suppliers and the country’s industrial base. “Our basic position is to bring our strengths together to develop a high-quality fighter jet. I believe Japanese suppliers have outstanding technologies, and I do hope as many of them as possible would join (GCAP),” Sugimoto said. He added, “I think it will also help Japanese suppliers to enhance their capacity to develop equipment and contribute to providing a better outlook and business environment and stability.”
The GCAP project aligns with Japan’s growing defense ambitions, as the country seeks to counter China’s rising assertiveness in the region. This joint venture presents a unique opportunity for Japan to strengthen its primarily domestic and underdeveloped defense industry. Japan has taken significant steps to ease its arms export restrictions, allowing foreign sales of the future fighter jet and licensing back of weapons, such as the surface-to-air PAC-3 missile interceptors produced in Japan. This move complements the US inventory, which has been depleted due to support for Ukraine.
The collaboration between Japan, the UK, and Italy under the GCAP framework represents a strategic shift in global defense cooperation. This alliance underscores the shared commitment to enhancing security in the face of emerging threats, while simultaneously fostering technological advancement and industrial growth within the participating nations. The success of the GCAP project will likely have a profound impact on the future of aerospace technology and defense partnerships on a global scale.