The world is facing a significant health threat as mosquito-borne diseases, driven by global warming, are spreading to new regions and putting over half of the population at risk. Experts warn that malaria and dengue, transmitted by mosquitoes, are poised to become more prevalent in parts of northern Europe and other areas that have historically been unaffected. In the United Kingdom, the number of imported malaria cases has surpassed 2,000 for the first time in over two decades, raising concerns about the impact of increased international travel and the resurgence of the disease in many countries.
Worldwide, the World Health Organization has reported an eightfold increase in dengue cases over the past 20 years, with over five million cases in 2019 alone. The spread of dengue-carrying mosquitoes has invaded 13 European countries since 2000, leading to local transmission in France, Italy, and Spain in 2023. Previously confined to tropical and subtropical regions where freezing temperatures hindered mosquito survival, the expansion of the disease vectors is attributed to global warming.
Researchers highlight the urgent need to address the issue, as unchecked global warming could expose an additional 2.4 billion people to malaria and dengue by the end of the century. However, they emphasize that limiting global temperature rise to 1C could significantly reduce this risk. Given the complexity and severity of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks, experts stress the importance of proactive measures, including early intervention and disease surveillance.
Scientists are developing innovative methods to predict epidemic occurrence using disease surveillance and climate change data. By analyzing weather patterns, identifying mosquito breeding sites with drones, and gathering information from local communities and health officials, they aim to provide ample time for communities to prepare and implement protective measures. Ultimately, the most effective strategy to safeguard against the spread of these diseases lies in dramatically curbing carbon emissions, addressing the root cause of global warming.
