In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the term “mpox” as a synonym for monkeypox, aiming to reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with the original name. This decision came after a surge in cases and the observed rise of racist and stigmatising language online and in communities. The transition to “mpox” is gradual, with both terms being used concurrently for a year before “monkeypox” is fully phased out.
What is Mpox?
Mpox is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus. It is a viral infection that can spread between people, primarily through close contact. Transmission can also occur from the environment to people through contaminated surfaces or objects touched by an infected individual.
How Does Mpox Spread?
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Person-to-Person:
Mpox primarily spreads through close contact with someone who has the infection. This includes skin-to-skin contact (touching, sexual activity), mouth-to-mouth contact (kissing), and even face-to-face contact (talking, breathing close together). During the global outbreak that began in 2022, the virus spread most frequently through sexual contact.*
Environment-to-Person:
The virus can persist on clothing, bedding, towels, objects, electronics, and surfaces that have been touched by an infected person. Touching these contaminated items can result in infection, especially if there are cuts or abrasions on the skin or if the eyes, nose, mouth, or mucous membranes are touched without handwashing.*
Animal-to-Human:
Mpox can be contracted from infected animals, such as monkeys or rodents. This transmission can occur through bites, scratches, or handling of infected animals or their meat. Thoroughly cooking meat is crucial to prevent infection.*
Human-to-Animal:
While less common, there have been reports of mpox in pet dogs. The virus can potentially spill back from humans to animals, making it essential for infected or suspected individuals to avoid close contact with animals, including pets, livestock, and wildlife.Preventing the Spread:
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Avoid Close Contact:
Stay away from individuals with confirmed or suspected mpox.*
Practice Good Hygiene:
Regularly wash your hands with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after touching surfaces or objects that may be contaminated.*
Safe Handling of Animals:
Avoid unprotected contact with wild animals, especially those that are sick or dead. Cook meat thoroughly before eating.*
Follow Guidelines:
If you have confirmed or suspected mpox, follow your healthcare provider’s advice for isolating yourself and protecting others.WHO’s Role:
The WHO is actively working with its One Health partners, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), to gain a deeper understanding of the monkeypox virus, its natural reservoir, and to assist countries in reducing the risk of transmission between humans and animals.
