While some strategies for preventing dementia seem impractical—like not aging or being a woman—the latest research offers a glimmer of hope. Although old age remains the dominant risk factor, and women are more susceptible than men, studies show that as many as 45% of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed. This is a significant finding, particularly as the world’s population ages.
The Lancet commission on dementia, a group of leading experts, has identified 14 modifiable risk factors. These factors, unlike age, can be changed, potentially delaying the onset of dementia. The commission’s latest report, published in July 2023, adds two new risk factors to its 2020 list: untreated vision loss and high levels of LDL cholesterol.
The report highlights the importance of a healthy lifestyle for dementia prevention. This includes avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, controlling blood pressure and diabetes, and limiting alcohol consumption. The report also emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fish while limiting sugar-sweetened drinks and processed meats.
Mental stimulation, such as learning a new language or musical instrument, can also play a crucial role. Engaging in activities like crossword puzzles and Sudoku can help keep the brain active and healthy.
Interestingly, the commission has identified untreated hearing loss as a significant risk factor. People with hearing loss are twice as likely to develop dementia, emphasizing the need for wider access to hearing aids. The report also acknowledges the impact of vision problems, which, alongside hearing loss, may increase the cognitive load, leading to more rapid cognitive decline.
Beyond individual factors, the report recognizes the impact of environmental factors. A lack of education, exposure to air pollution, and social isolation are all associated with an increased risk of dementia. The report underscores the importance of addressing these systemic issues to promote brain health on a broader scale.
While definitive conclusions about dementia prevention are still emerging, the evidence strongly suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle, addressing modifiable risk factors, and promoting brain health can significantly reduce the risk of developing this debilitating condition. With increasing awareness and proactive efforts, we can hope to slow the rising tide of dementia in the years to come.
