The Pulicat Birds Sanctuary, a renowned biodiversity hotspot, is facing a significant threat to its eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) due to the State government’s proposal to denotify a sizable area for the settlement of claims from local communities residing within its boundary limits. This decision has raised concerns among environmentalists and conservationists, who warn that it will have detrimental effects on the sanctuary’s unique hydrology and rich biodiversity.
Pulicat is a globally renowned wetland habitat that hosts around 250 species of birds, including 50 intercontinental species. The sanctuary is also a vital ecological system that provides sustenance and livelihoods to over a lakh people. The proposed industrial park, to be located within the ESZ and just 5 km from the bird sanctuary, poses a direct threat to the fragile ecosystem.
Environmental collectives, including the Chennai Climate Action Group, have filed a petition to the State authorities, expressing their concerns about the potential damage to the Pulicat lagoon. They emphasize the lagoon’s vulnerability to shoreline dynamics, the presence of significant mangrove plantations within the ESZ, and its crucial role as a climate buffer for Chennai. They also highlight the ecological significance of the wetland, which acts as a massive flood water catchment during cyclones.
The Pulicat barrier island and associated sand-systems serve as critical cyclonic buffers and barricades against tidal and storm surges. Additionally, Chennai draws a substantial amount of its fresh water supply from the well-fields of its river basins, which are connected to the Pulicat lagoon. Experts argue that the proposed denotification and development will jeopardize these vital ecosystems and the services they provide.
Wildlife biologist Vaithianathan Kannan, who has extensively studied the Pulicat ecosystem, emphasizes that it is a precious wetland whose significance is often overlooked. He notes that several industrial expansion projects proposed in the area will have a detrimental effect on the sanctuary and its wildlife. Jayashree Vencatesan, managing trustee at Care Earth Foundation, adds that Pulicat is a site of immense historical and ecological importance, with locals demonstrating a profound understanding of water usage for various purposes.
According to Chief Wildlife Warden Srinivas Reddy, the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management is currently conducting a study of the wetland, and the ESZ will be marked based on its zone of influence. However, environmentalists urge the State government to reconsider its plans and prioritize the long-term conservation of the Pulicat Birds Sanctuary and its surrounding ecosystem.
