Severe heatwave grips Delhi: 5 things that can happen to the body when temperature soars above 45 degrees Celsius
As an intense heatwave grips Delhi and other parts of North India, with temperatures touching 45-47 degrees Celsius in some places, it is important to take steps to prevent heat exposure and avoid heatstroke, dehydration, and other heat-based illnesses. High temperatures can play havoc with the body and damage the brain, heart, kidneys, and other organs, causing long-term health issues. Stepping outdoors at peak heat hours must be avoided at all costs, and staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, eating fruits and vegetables, and consuming cooling drinks like buttermilk or nimbu paani (lemonade) is crucial.
Exposure to intense heat for a prolonged duration can have serious consequences for the body:
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Heat exhaustion:
This is a milder form of heat-related illness that can occur with prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps. If not addressed, it can progress to heat stroke.*
Heat stroke:
This is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation fails. Symptoms include a high body temperature (above 40 degrees Celsius), confusion, rapid pulse, and loss of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is crucial to prevent serious complications or death.*
Dehydration:
In extreme heat, the body loses water rapidly through sweat in an attempt to cool down. Without adequate fluid intake, this can lead to dehydration, which can cause symptoms such as dry mouth, dark urine, reduced urination, fatigue, and dizziness. Severe dehydration can cause kidney damage, electrolyte imbalances, and shock.*
Cardiovascular stress:
High temperatures place extra stress on the cardiovascular system. To dissipate heat, blood vessels dilate (expand), and the heart pumps more vigorously to increase blood flow to the skin’s surface. This added workload can exacerbate existing heart conditions and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.*
Respiratory problems:
Elevated temperatures can worsen air quality by increasing the concentration of ground-level ozone and other pollutants. Poor air quality, combined with the heat, can irritate the respiratory system and aggravate conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Heat also promotes the spread of allergens and particulate matter, further impacting respiratory health.Preventive measures to mitigate the adverse health effects of extreme heat include:
* Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you do not feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can dehydrate the body.
* Stay cool: Spend time in air-conditioned environments during peak heat hours. Use fans, take cool showers, and wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing.
* Avoid strenuous activities: Limit outdoor activities, especially during the hottest parts of the day. If you must be outside, take frequent breaks in the shade and drink water regularly.
* Monitor vulnerable individuals: Keep an eye on the elderly, children, and those with chronic health conditions, as they are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.
* Use sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF to protect your skin from harmful UV rays.
As temperatures continue to rise, awareness and preparation are key to preventing heat-related health issues. Stay informed about weather forecasts and heat advisories, and take proactive steps to protect yourself and your loved ones from the dangers of extreme heat.
