Spain is rapidly transforming into a desert climate, as evidenced by a new study examining the impact of global warming and drought on the Mediterranean nation. The study, conducted by researchers at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in Barcelona, reveals a stark picture of Spain’s climate future.
Over the past 50 years, summers in Spain have lengthened by an average of 36 days, a dramatic shift driven by rising temperatures. Between 1971 and 2022, temperatures in mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands have surged by 3.27°C, significantly exceeding the global average of 1.19°C and the Mediterranean average of 1.58°C. This dramatic warming trend has transformed the country’s climate, pushing it towards a drier and hotter future.
The researchers predict that by 2050, rainfall in Spain will decrease by up to 20 percent compared to current levels, further exacerbating the effects of drought. This shift could transform Spain’s climate from a temperate Mediterranean to a steppe- or even desert-like climate, based on the Köppen system, which categorizes global climates based on plant growth.
Beyond the lengthening summers and declining rainfall, the study reveals a concerning increase in heatwaves, with the frequency of hot spells nearly doubling in the last decade. These heatwaves are becoming more intense and prolonged, posing significant risks to human health, agriculture, and water resources.
Furthermore, while extreme rainfall has increased in specific regions, these downpours are not sufficient to compensate for the ongoing drought. The study highlights a significant correlation between rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall, painting a grim picture of Spain’s future climate.
The study’s findings underscore the urgent need for action to mitigate the effects of climate change in Spain and other regions facing similar challenges. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing adaptation measures, Spain can strive to protect its environment, economy, and well-being in the face of a changing climate.
