Launched in 2019, the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) aims to reduce particulate matter by 40% by 2026. While cities have prepared Clean Air Action Plans (CAAPs), implementation has been inconsistent, with only 60% of funds utilized. Delays in approvals, lack of standard operating procedures, and bureaucratic hurdles have hindered progress. Scientific tools like Emissions Inventory (EI), Air Quality (AQ) modeling, and Source Apportionment (SA) can aid in identifying pollution sources and shaping targeted mitigation measures. However, only 37% of cities have completed EI and SA studies, limiting the effectiveness of CAAPs. Comprehensive strategies addressing both primary and secondary pollutants and improved infrastructure for AQ forecasting are needed. Swift implementation, reduced bureaucratic hurdles, and effective utilization of funds are crucial for NCAP’s success.