A newly discovered Paleo-Arabic inscription in Saudi Arabia, possibly carved by a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, is shedding light on the early days of Islam. Researchers believe the inscription, found near an abandoned mosque in Taif, was created by Hanzalah bin Abi ʿĀmir, a prominent figure in early Islamic literature. The inscription, dating back to the late sixth or early seventh century, provides a rare glimpse into the pre-Islamic Hijaz and the religious landscape before Islam’s rise.