The European Commission and Belgian Presidency have established a Critical Medicines Alliance to tackle vulnerabilities in the EU’s drug supply chain. Amidst recurring shortages of essential medications, the Alliance aims to enhance supply chain resilience and diversification. Collaboration with stakeholders, including industry, healthcare professionals, and patient groups, will guide the Alliance’s efforts to strengthen manufacturing capacities, identify critical medicines, and develop partnerships with third countries. The Alliance’s work is expected to inform the development of potential future legislation, similar to the European Raw Materials Act and European Chips Act.