Results for: Exoplanets

Astronomers have identified a rare exoplanet, Gliese 12 b, located just 40 light-years away and classified as an “exo-Venus”. It is between the size of Earth and Venus and orbits its red dwarf star every 12.8 Earth days. The planet’s temperate nature, similar to Earth’s, makes it an ideal target for studying planetary atmosphere development. Researchers aim to determine if Gliese 12 b has an atmosphere and if it resembles Earth’s or Venus’s dense atmosphere, which will shed light on the divergent evolution of these two planets.

Astronomers have discovered an Earth-size planet, SPECULOOS-3 b, orbiting a red dwarf star 55 light-years away. The planet is tidally locked to its star, constantly exposed to intense radiation that has eroded away its atmosphere. Although not habitable for life as we know it, SPECULOOS-3 b provides a unique opportunity to study the geology and chemical composition of an airless, rocky exoplanet.

The vastness of space makes it unlikely that we are alone in the universe. Scientists are actively searching for signs of life beyond Earth, from our solar system to the most distant galaxies. This article explores 32 unique places where scientists have looked or hope to look for extraterrestrial life, including Neptune’s moon Triton, Mars, the exoplanet Kepler-186f, and even parallel universes.

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have discovered that a scorching hot lava planet, believed to be composed of diamond, has grown a second atmosphere after its star destroyed its first atmosphere. Located in a nearby solar system, 55 Cancri e is a super-Earth planet about 8.8 times heavier than Earth and twice its diameter. It orbits its star, Copernicus, very closely, resulting in permanent day and night sides. The planet’s surface temperature reaches up to 4,200 degrees Fahrenheit, making life impossible on its surface.

The James Webb Space Telescope has provided groundbreaking information about exoplanet 55 Cancri e, including the discovery of a possible rocky planet atmosphere outside our solar system. Despite the planet’s inhospitable conditions, including a surface that is likely a bubbling ocean of magma, astronomers have long speculated about the potential for an atmosphere. Utilizing Webb’s NIRCam and MIRI instruments, researchers detected indications of a volatile-rich atmosphere containing carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. They also observed that the planet’s dayside is cooler than expected, suggesting heat transfer to the cooler nightside, possibly through an atmosphere. The researchers theorize that the atmosphere may have formed from gases originating within the planet due to extreme temperatures potentially stripping away gases present during its formation.

Astronomers have detected a thick atmosphere around a rocky exoplanet known as 55 Cancri e, which is twice the size of Earth. The exoplanet, located 41 light-years away, is wrapped in a blanket of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The discovery, published in the journal Nature, suggests that other similar exoplanets with thick atmospheres could potentially support life.

Initial observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) hinted at the presence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the atmosphere of a distant Earth-like planet, K2-18b. However, a new study suggests that the signal could be from methane clouds, casting doubt on the earlier claims of potential life detection. The study models the behavior of DMS in hydrogen-rich atmospheres and finds itunlikely that JWST could distinguish between DMS and methane in the specific wavelengths it examined. However, the team remains hopeful, as JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) may be more capable of detecting DMS and clarifying the planet’s composition.

A fringe theory of panspermia suggests that alien life may be hitching rides on meteors, potentially colonizing new planets. This hypothesis provides a framework for scientists to narrow their search for extra-terrestrial existence. Researchers propose that if life spreads via meteors, it could alter atmospheric conditions, providing clues to its presence. However, identifying these life forms remains challenging, as scientists are unsure what specific characteristics to look for.

Recent advancements in space exploration have facilitated the discovery of numerous exoplanets. The transition toward characterizing these exoplanets has led to a search for chemical signatures or biosignatures associated with life. While Earth serves as a reference point for habitability and life detection, scientists emphasize the need to consider the unique evolutionary trajectories of different planets. Astrobiologists are exploring biosignatures consistent with primitive life forms that may have existed on Earth billions of years ago. By understanding ancient Earth’s atmosphere and life forms, scientists aim to identify biosignatures that could indicate life on exoplanets with similar environmental conditions.

According to a new fringe theory, alien life may be traveling through space on meteors and colonizing other planets in a process known as panspermia. By riding on celestial bodies, extraterrestrial life could spread across the galaxy, modifying the environments of planets it encounters to resemble its own home planet. This concept suggests that life may not originate on a single planet but could have arisen on multiple exoplanets throughout the universe.