A report released by the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (PM-EAC) has sparked controversy, claiming that religious minorities in India are safe and face no discrimination. However, critics argue that the report’s findings are based on outdated data and overlook key demographic trends. The issue of Muslim population growth has become a focal point, with some raising concerns about the ‘population jihad’ and the potential threat to the Hindu majority. However, demographers dismiss these fears, citing declining fertility rates and educational improvements among Muslims. The report’s use of population growth as an indicator of well-being is also questioned, as higher fertility rates are often associated with illiteracy and economic backwardness. Experts emphasize that the status of religious minorities should be assessed based on their access to education, social welfare, and representation in power structures. While India boasts a large Muslim population, their fertility rates are declining and are projected to stabilize in the future. Therefore, fears of Hindus becoming a minority are unfounded.