The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022-23 fact sheet released by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) has sparked discussions on poverty and inequality trends. While some researchers highlight the provisional nature of estimates due to the absence of unit-level data, others emphasize the potential accuracy of poverty estimates based on the fact sheet. The analysis suggests that poverty ratios have declined significantly since 2011-12, albeit at a slower rate than the previous period. Inequality, particularly in urban areas, has also shown a decrease. However, these estimates are subject to the choice of poverty line and comparability issues over time. The NSSO’s varying reference periods for data collection introduce challenges in comparing estimates across different years, which may be addressed by considering comparable estimates. Researchers also raise concerns regarding measurement issues related to poverty lines, emphasizing the need for consideration of public expenditure for a more comprehensive understanding of well-being. Overall, the HCES 2022-23 data provides valuable insights into poverty and inequality trends in India, but continued discussions on comparability and measurement issues are crucial for accurate interpretations.