Eczema, a chronic skin disease affecting 1 in 5 children in industrialized nations, has seen a sharp increase in rates since 1970. Researchers have identified two chemical classes, diisocyanates and xylene, which increased in production around the same time as the eczema spike. These chemicals are found in various products, including spandex, paint, and automobile exhaust, and have been linked to eczema in mice. Exposure to these chemicals may lead to a disruption in the skin microbiome, reducing the production of ceramides, which protect the skin from infection. To mitigate the risk of eczema, it’s recommended to avoid products containing isocyanates or xylene, particularly for children under 4. Using EPA resources to track local pollutants and improving microbial balance through probiotics and skin care practices can also be beneficial.