The discovery of vast freshwater reserves beneath the ocean has ignited interest in their exploration and exploitation. However, the legal framework governing these activities is complex, involving both the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) and the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea. This article examines the legal challenges and opportunities surrounding the exploration and exploitation of freshwater resources beyond national jurisdiction, highlighting the need for clear definitions, harmonized regulations, and international cooperation to ensure sustainable and equitable access to this vital resource.