West Nile Virus Spreads in Kerala: Symptoms to Prevention – All You Need to Know
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has emerged in three districts of Kerala: Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Thrissur. The State Health Department has issued an alert, instructing authorities to intensify pre-monsoon cleaning activities to curb the spread of the virus.
Transmission and Symptoms
WNV is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, predominantly culex mosquitoes. Human-to-human transmission is not known. Symptoms of WNV infection can range from mild flu-like illness to severe neurological complications. Common symptoms include fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Prevention
As there is no vaccine or specific treatment for WNV, prevention is crucial. Experts recommend using insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535. Wearing long-sleeved clothing, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active, is also advisable. Eliminating mosquito breeding grounds by removing stagnant water in containers around homes is essential.
Current Situation and Medical Management
Ten cases of WNV have been confirmed in Kerala, with two suspected deaths linked to the virus. Severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care, including intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infections. Close monitoring and management of neurological complications, such as encephalitis and meningitis, are vital to minimize long-term effects.
Ongoing Research and Future Prospects
While there is currently no specific treatment or vaccine for WNV, research efforts are ongoing to develop therapeutic and preventive measures. Until then, raising awareness, promoting prevention strategies, and providing timely and comprehensive care remain crucial in combating the spread of this virus.
