In the first two phases of the Lok Sabha elections, women faced significant underrepresentation among candidates, constituting only 8% of the total 2,823 candidates. This gender imbalance sparked criticism from analysts and activists, who questioned why political parties are waiting for the Women’s Reservation Act instead of actively promoting women candidates.
In the first phase, there were 135 women candidates, and in the second phase, there were 100, bringing the combined total to 235. Notably, the Congress fielded 44 women candidates in the two phases, while the BJP fielded 69. This underrepresentation in candidate pools raises concerns about the lack of progress in promoting gender equality in politics.
Political experts emphasize the need for concrete steps to address this gender bias. Dr. Sushila Ramaswamy of Delhi University highlights the effectiveness of seat reservations for women within party structures, as seen in the UK’s Labour Party. Dr. Iftekhar Ahmad Ansari of Aligarh Muslim University stresses the importance of structural reforms to ensure equal opportunities for women in politics.
Farhat Jahan of Abdullah Women’s College emphasizes the need for systemic changes in party dynamics and electoral processes to enhance women’s political representation. She highlights the challenges women face in forming independent political opinions amid societal influences.
While parties like the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) have a policy of providing 33% tickets to women, others like the BJP and Congress have pledged women-centric initiatives in their manifestos. However, these commitments have yet to translate into actual numbers of women contesting the elections.
Analysts emphasize that the upcoming poll phases will be monitored closely to assess whether there is a meaningful shift towards greater gender inclusivity in the political landscape. Dr. Mohammad Aftab Alam of Aligarh Muslim University highlights the need for tangible commitment towards fostering women’s participation and representation in governance.
The Lok Sabha elections, held in seven phases from April 19 to June 4, offer an opportunity for political parties to demonstrate their commitment to gender equality through concrete actions. Initiatives such as mentorship programmes, capacity-building workshops, and awareness campaigns can empower women to actively participate in the electoral process and pursue leadership roles.
