The European Space Agency (ESA) is gearing up to compete with SpaceX’s Starlink by developing its own satellite network for space-based internet. This ambitious project, known as HydRON, aims to create a spoof-proof mega-constellation of satellites to deliver high-speed broadband.
Traditionally, satellites sent radiocommunication signals from space down to ground receivers, which then distributed the information to various services like cellphone carriers and air traffic control. However, ESA’s HydRON project plans to revolutionize this by linking satellites in space with laser signals, forming a “world-first” optical network, dubbed “Internet beyond clouds.” This network promises internet speeds of about one terabyte per second.
First announced in 2019, HydRON is now nearing the end of its design phase. Thales Alenia Space, a joint French-Italian space manufacturer, will lead the creation of these low-orbit satellites.
HydRON’s system involves two key components: scientific research for building the network and an “early bird demonstration” to test it. The project will use satellites in both low orbit (up to 1,000 km above Earth) and geostationary orbit (around 36,000 km). By integrating these satellites, the network aims to minimize reliance on ground systems, enhancing efficiency and reliability.
A significant aspect of HydRON is its use of laser technology to transmit data between satellites. This approach not only speeds up data transfer but also enhances security, making it difficult for signals to be intercepted by cybercriminals or affected by bad weather. Daniele Lo Forti from Thales explained that using light to carry data will simplify the process for providers and meet the growing demand for data.
The HydRON project addresses the increasing need for data in a “data-hungry world.” It aims to bring internet access to remote areas lacking broadband and deliver high-quality video streaming to users. The ESA emphasizes that this technology will transform Europe’s optical telecommunications industry, positioning the continent at the forefront of this booming market.
Public sector clients, like the EU Operational Space Programme and security agencies, are expected to be among the first users of the HydRON network. Despite competition from the US Space Development Agency and SpaceX, ESA believes its higher data transfer capabilities will attract providers.
While SpaceX’s Starlink has already established a network of low-Earth orbit satellites using similar technology, ESA’s HydRON system aims for greater data capacity and broader coverage. Although SpaceX might launch its private network sooner, ESA plans a phased launch of HydRON starting in 2027 and concluding in 2029, aiming to firmly establish Europe’s presence in the next-generation telecommunications race.
